01名词
名词
名词的分类
1.1专有名词
例如
1)人名Tom,Smith,Jackie,Wang
2)地名 Beijing,Virginia,London
3)国家名Chna,Russia,Pakistan,The United states,The United Kingdom
4)单位名 the state council,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,the Ministry of Finance
5)组织名 MF ASEAN EU OPEC
6)大型活动或事件 The belt and road,BR|CKS注意:专有名词第一个字母要大写
1.2普通名词
个体名词 | aunt, uncle apartment, teacher, bed | 表示个体 |
---|---|---|
集体名词 | class, army, police,cattle, poultry | 表示人或事物的总称 |
物质名词 | Coffee, water, tea oil, dye, sugar | 无法分为个体的东西 |
抽象名词 | interesting, pleasure failure insurance, experience, VIolence popularity | 表示性质,状态情感等抽象概念,前一般不加定冠词 |
语言名词 | Chinese, French English, Russian | 表示语言的名称 |
个体名词和集体名词为可数名词
物质名词、抽象名词和语言名词为不可数名词
1.3可数名词与不可数名词
例如:
Most classrooms have computers.
大多数教室有电脑。
例如:
They left the house to go for a walk after tea.
茶歇后,他们离开房子去散步了。
注意:
例如:
家具(furniture)
We have too much furniture.
我们有太多家具了设备(equipment)
The plant was dismantled of all its equipment and furniture.
这家工厂的设备和家具全被拆除了。
1.4具体名词与抽象名词
(1)
例如:
人物:man,Mrs.Jones,teacher,doctor
地点:river,London,mountains
事物:book,mountains,sports car
(2)
例如:
love happiness intelligence anger justice excitement fear surprise
1.5常以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀
There are three pairs of scissors in the drawer.
tweezers镊子
Could you pass me those tweezers?
binoculars望远镜
She gave me some binoculars congratulations祝贺 Many congratulations!
2名词单复数
2.1规则名词复数形式
1)-s
例如:
desk→ desks
day→days
house→ houses
2)-es
例如:
hero→ heroes
bush→ bushes
fox→ foxes
watch→ watches
mass→ masses
buzz→ buzzes喧哗声
3)以-y结尾
(1)
例如:
city → citles
country→ countries
party→ parties
story→ stories
(2)
例如:
boy→boys
donkey→ donkeys
play→ plays
key→keys
valley→ valleys
4)-f,-fe结尾的名词
(1)例如:half,life,leaf,loaf,knife,shelf,wife
(2)例如:belief,grief,cliff,qulf,roof,proof
5)特殊情况:
例如:
monarch(君主)→ monarchs
stomach(胃)→ stomachs
patriarch(族长)→ patriarchs
epoch(新时期)→ epochs
(2)
例如:
bamboo→ bamboos
portfolIo→ portfolios
radio→ radios
zoo→zoos
cuckoo→ cuckoos
注意1:cargo,echo,embargo,hero,tomato,veto
注意2:memento,concerto,piano,solo,photo,quarto,kilo,largo,dynamo
注意3:zero,volcano,mango,,archipelago,banjo,,grotto,halo,lasso,ornado,motto,portico,proviso
2.2不规则名词的复数形式
例如
man-men
woman-women
goose-geese
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
child-children
fish-fish
deer-deer
sheep-sheep
mouse-mice
fisherman -fishermen
2.3复合名词的复数形式
1)如:homework,newspaper等。
2)如:woman doctor→ women doctors,man waiter→ men waiters等。
3)如:boy friend→ boy friends,paper bag→ paper bags等。
4)如:father-in-aW→ fathers-in-law等。
5)如:grown-up→ grown-ups,stand-by→ stand-bys等。
3 所有格
3.1-’s所有格
1.构成:
(1)
例如
The members’foum.会员的论坛
Mary’s web site kept growing larger and larger.玛丽的网站越做越大。
(2)
例如
boys’school男子学校
the smiths’car史密斯家的小汽车
【注】带词尾-s的单数名词后,通常仍加-s
the boss’s plan老板的计划
(3)
例如
Tom’’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间
Tom and jim’s room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
2.用法
(1)
例如:
this month’s schedule这个月的日程表
10days’holiday十天的假期
(2)
例如:
China’s policy中国的政策
the town’s population这个镇的人口
(3)
例如
the station’s waiting-room 车站候车室
the newspaper’s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针
(4)
例如
akio’s weight 1千克的重量
1000 pound’s price 1000磅的价钱
(5)
例如:
the moon’s light 月光
Jupiter’s sIze 木星的大小
3.2 of所有格
例如:
The content of the website 网站的内容
a friend of mine told me that all of the tickets have already sold out我的一位朋友告诉我所有的票都卖光了。
3.3双重所有格
例如
He is a friend of mine我的一位朋友
This is a photo of my mother.
这是我母亲的照片。(照片上的人是我母亲This is a photo of my mother’s这是我母亲的照片。(为母亲所有或收藏的照片)
4主谓一致
集体名词
例如:
army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,personnel,public,staff,team,union,crew
The whole family is active家人都很活跃。(整体概念)
The family have met their various obligations 家人们各自履行自己的责任。(个体概念)单复同形
例如
means,sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species
Sheep were grazing in the fields. 羊在田地里吃草。
a flock of sheep was grazing on the hill. 一群羊在山上吃草。
Statistics is offered every year by the college. 每年的数据由大学提供。
The statistics show that the candidate will win. 数据显示候选人将会获胜。
专有名词
例如:
The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 联合国通过了解除对伊制裁的决定。
The Times reports the news of the strike. 时代杂志报导了罢工的消息。
Great Expectations was written by dickens in 1860.
《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。并列词
例如:
She and her friends are at the fair. 她和她的朋友在会上。
My sister and my brother walk to school every day.我哥哥和姐姐每天步行去上学。
注意1:
例如
The teacher and writer is her friend. 这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。
注意2:
例如
No smoking or drinking is allowed.Every man and woman is required to check in.不许抽烟、饮酒。按要求,每位男性及女性需要登记。
时间距离等名词
例如
Five dollars is a lot of money.五美元是很多的钱。
Fifteen miles is not a long way.
15英里不远。就近原则
(1)
例如
There are many possible candidates.有许多潜在候选人。
Here are some stones.这有一些石头。
(2)
例如
His friends or the boy runs every day. 这个男孩的朋友或者男孩
Neither gray nor white is my favorite color. 灰色和白色都不是我喜欢的颜色
Either Grandpa or my sisters are going to the park. 爷爷或者姐姐们准备去公园。
- 就远原则
例如:
The politician,along with the newsmen,is on the meeting. 政客和新闻记者来开会。
Excitement,as well as nervousness,is the cause of her shaking.兴奋与紧张是她颤抖的原因
some of 等+名
例如
Some of the voters are still angry.
一些投票者依然很生气。
Two-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle.五分之二的部队在战争中下落不明。
Forty percent of the student body is in favor of changing the policy
50%的学生赞成改变政策
All of the chicken is gone.所有的鸡都跑了。
Most of the cookies were eaten.大多数的曲奇饼干都被吃了四则运算
例如
18 minus 12 is 6.18.减12等于6。
Two and two is four.2加2等于4。
Four times four divided by two is eight.4乘以4除以2等于8 。the/a number of
例如
The number of students in the class is fifteen.班级的学生数量是15人。
A number of students were late for class.许多人迟到了。each等+名词
例如
Each gets a trophy for playing.每个参与的人都拿到了奖杯。
Somebody will pay for this.
有人会付款。
Anybody is more fun than you.任何人都比你有趣。
Everybody enjoys a good book每个人都喜欢读一本好书。
Nothing has been determined as of yet.还有决定任何事情。one and a half + 名词
例如:
One and a half apples is left on the table.桌子上还剩有一个半苹果。
One and a half hours is not enough.一个半小时不够。a/an + or two +名词
例如
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
ne or two suggestions were recommended.有一两条建议被推荐。many a / more than one + 名词
例如
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。
More than one student has tried this.
不止一个学生尝试了这个。one of + 复数名词
例如
One of the students in our class is from the UK.我们班有一位学生来自应该。
One of their daughters has just had a baby.他们的一个女儿刚结婚few,many等+名词
例如
Both are qualified for the job.两个都有资格做这份工作。
Many went to the beach and got sunburned.许多人去沙滩,然后被晒伤了。
Few know what it really takes to get ahead.很少有人知道进行前进需要携带什么。
笔记整理自王菲语法,版权归王菲老师所有,此处仅用于学习之用