介词

介词是一种虚词，表示句中词与词之间的关系，在句中不充当任何成分。介词常用在名词，代词前表示时间，地点，位置或方式方法。

介词的分类

虚词：介词，连词，冠词和叹词

单个介词

about	beside	near	to
above	between	of	towards
across	beyond	off	under
after	by	on	underneath
against	despite	like	unlike
along	down	opposite	until
among	during	out	up
around	except	over	via
as	for	past	with
at	from	round	since
before	in	through	than
behind	inside	beneath	below

合成介词

within, without, onto, into, upon, outof, alongside, toward, outside,throughout

分词介词

concerning, considering, following, regarding, including, excluding

短语介词

ahead of	except for	instead of	owing to
apart from	in addition to	near to	such as
as for	in front of	on account of	thanks to
as well as	in place of	on top of	up to
because of	in spite of	out of
due to	inside of	outside of

介词词义分类

找出主干添定加状

表示时间的介词

at 6 o’clock

on February 9th

in Spring

in the morning

for several months 几个月

during 1942

在1942年期间

表示其他时间概念的介词

有 before，after，since，unti，till，between，up to，from，prior to等。

有些介词也是连词，可以加从句

表示地点

英文	中文
at	表示在小地方
in	表示在大地方
on	表示毗邻，接壤，在····之上
to	表示在·····范围外
above，over，on	在····上
below under	在···下面
in front of，in the front of	在····前面
behind	在····后面
beside	在···旁边
near	在···旁边
inside	在···里面
outside	在···外面
within	在····范围内
beyond	超越····
against	靠着····
opposite	在···对面
through/via	穿过····
along	沿着····

I was sitting at my desk.

我坐在我的书桌上。

Dublin is on the east coast of ireland.

都柏林位于爱尔兰东海岸线。

The apartment below is owned by a French couple.

下面的公寓为一对法国夫妇所有。

The metro station is right beneath the airport.

地铁站位于机场的正下方。

表示方式

表示“方式，方法”的介词常用by，with，through等

by bicycle 骑自行车

with scissors 用剪刀

表示原因

表示原因常用for，because of，Since

I wear these old trousers for painting.

我穿这些旧裤子是为了画画。

介词短语的构成

介词是一种虚词，表示句中词与词之间的关系，在句中不充当任何成分。介词常与其后的成分构成介词短语，能构成介词短语的词类如下：

1. 介词 + 名词

What’s the reason for your unhappiness？

你为什么不开心呢？

She did some research into the causes of back pain.

她对背部疼痛的原因做了一些调查。

2. 介词 + 代词

I saw you with her.

我看到你和她在一起。

The boy did not want to play with them.

小男孩不愿意和他们在一起玩。

3. 介词 + 动名词

Thank you for coming here.

感谢你来到这里。

They are good at painting.

他们擅长画画。

I agree with your researching there.

我同意你在这做调研。

动名词核心的本质是名词

4. 介词 + 形容词

from young to old 从年轻到年老

Her behavior is far from satisfactory.

她的行为还远远不能让人满意。

5. 介词 + 副词

I’ve changed my mind since then.

从那以后我改变了主意。

I was unaware of his existence until recently.

最近我才知道有他这么个人。

6. 介词 + 动词

Robert accused her of stealing his idea.

罗伯特起诉她抄袭他的想法。
Getting to the final depends on winning the semi-final.

嬴了半决赛才能去决赛。

On arriving at the city he called up her.

一到城里他就给她打了一个电话。

7. 介词 + 不定式

I had no choice but to compromise.

我别无选择只有妥协。

It had no effect except to make him angry.

除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。

8. 介词 + 从句

I am worried about where she is going.

我担心她去哪了。

The film at which I fell asleep was very boring.

电影太无聊了，我睡着了。

介词属于谓语动词的固定搭配

9. 介词 + 数词

It’s about 6 pm.

差不多下午6点。

Over 100 people are at the meeting.

会上有100多人。

10. 介词 + 介词

They’ve moved far into the country.

他们搬到很远的乡下去了。

They left the party just before us.

他们走的比我们稍早一点。

介词短语的句法作用

1. 定语

a meeting in the morning

早晨的一个会议

the road to success

成功的道路

2. 作状语

She lives in Beijing.

她住在北京。

They visit the wall by bike.

他们骑自行车参观了城墙。

The barbecue was canceled because of rain.

因为下雨，烧烤被取消了。

3. 作表语

The waiter is in a good mood.

那个服务员心情不错。

Is it in your hand？

在你手里吗？

4. 作补语

Tom put some books on the table Tom. 放了些书在桌上。

Dad left his wallet in a taxi. 爸爸把钱包忘在了一辆出租车里。

He worked as a consultant. 他的工作是一名咨询师。

如果可以改成两个被动句是双宾，否则是宾补

5. 作同位语

As a teacher，she is responsible for her students.

作为一名老师，她对她的学生负责。

常见介词的辨析

表示时间 on/in/at

1. at

• 后跟具体的时刻
• 一天中具体的时间点
• 周末以及具体的节庆

at 5 o’clock
at midnight
at the weekend
at the New year

2. on

• 后跟具体的时间，即某年某月某日，星期几。

On August 24th, 2017
On Monday
On your graduation day

3. in

• 后跟年，月；
• 早，中，晚；
• 季节

in 2017
in September
in the morning
in Spring
in the 21st century

大于一天的in

等于一天的on

小于一天的at

表示地点on/in/at

1. at

• 某个具体的位置

• 工作地点或商店

• 后加小地点

Tom lives at No 12 Woodville Road.
He works hard at Netease.
at bus station

2. in

• 后接大的地点或班级

in London What is in the wrapped box？

包装过的盒子里是什么？

He found it difficult to concentrate in class.

他觉得自己很难在课堂上集中注意力。

3. on

• 表在某物表面上
• 后加楼层

The office is on the 15th floor
办公室在15层

表示方位on/in/to

1. in/on/to

• in 表示 A在B的内部
• on 表示A,B接壤
• to 表示A,B不接壤

Chengdu lies in the southwest of china.

成都位于中国的西南部。（成都在中国内部）

Shanxi lies to the east of Liaoning.

山西在辽宁东边。（山西与辽宁不接壤）

Canada lies on the north of America.

加拿大位于美国北部。（加拿大与美国接壤）

2. 表示方向

He drives the car to the south.

他开车朝着那边去。

3. on

• 在左边
• 在右边

in front of/in the front of

• in front of : 表示某物范围外的前面

• in the front of：表示某物范围内的前面

There is a tall tree in front of the house.

房子前面有一棵大树。

We sit in the front of the bus.

我们坐在公共汽车的前部

in/into

• in : 表在·····里面/内部
• into：常与动词连用，表示动作朝···里面去。

Shes gone for a walk in the garden.

她在花园里散步。

She walked into the garden.

她走进了花园。

• 有些动词两个介词均可以。

Can you put the milk in/into the fridge？

你能把牛奶放进冰箱吗？

on/onto

• on：表示在某物的表面。
• onto：通常与动词连用，表示动作朝着···之上。

Your keys are on the table.

你的钥匙在桌子上。

The cat climbed onto the root.

猫爬上了屋顶。

• 表示在河流、道路等之上时用on
• 表示沿着河流，道路朝着某个方向时用onto

The hotel is on the road opposite the beach.

酒店的海滩对面的路上。

The path leads onto the main road.

这条路一直到主路上

below/under/beneath

The metro station is right beneath the airport.

地铁站就在机场下面。

His shoes were under his bed.

他的鞋在他的床下。

There was a big clock below the painting.

画下面有一口大钟。

区别

1. under表示在····之下，below表示某物低于某物
2. 表示某物接触或者覆盖某物时，用under不用below.

Under a white coat, she wore an amazing red dress.

Below a white coat, she wore an amazing red dress. (错误)

3. 表示时间、重量时用under；表示温度高低用below。

We finished the project in under a year.

We finished the project in below a year. （错误）

The roof of the new building is just below the height of the school.

The roof of the new building is just under the height of the school. (错误)

4. below，under后可以加数字，beneath不可加。

We buy it for just under 300 pounds.

We buy it for just beneath 300 pounds. （错误）

The temperature was below 10 on that day.

The temperature was beneath 10 on that day. (错误)

5. 表能力，地位，期望低时，用beneath

The job is beneath my expectations.